Publication ethics policy

Editors evaluate manuscripts solely based on academic merit, originality, methodological rigor, relevance to scope, and contribution to knowledge.

Maintain confidentiality of submitted manuscripts. Do not disclose details to unauthorized parties. Protect reviewer and author identities.

Editors must avoid handling manuscripts where personal, institutional, financial, or competitive conflicts exist.

Reject unethical or plagiarized manuscripts, request ethical approvals, investigate misconduct, and retract or correct articles when necessary.

Submitted work must be original, data authentic, no fabrication or falsification, with proper citations and acknowledgments.

Authors must not submit the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously. Duplicate publication is unethical.

Authorship limited to those who made significant contributions. Guest, honorary, or ghost authorship is prohibited.

Retain research data, provide upon reasonable request, and ensure reproducibility of findings.

Research involving human participants, animals, or sensitive data must include appropriate ethical approval and consent.

Disclose AI tools used in preparation, verify accuracy and originality, accept full responsibility. AI cannot be listed as an author.

Treat manuscripts as confidential documents. Do not share or use unpublished content for personal advantage.

Reviews must be objective, constructive, focused on academic quality, and avoid personal criticism.

Decline review invitations if personal, competitive, financial, or institutional conflicts exist.

Complete reviews within the assigned timeframe and notify editors promptly if delays occur.

Double-blind, single-blind, or editorial review depending on journal policy. All designed to ensure fairness, transparency, and academic rigor.

Manipulation of peer review including fake reviewer identities or fabricated reviews is strictly prohibited.

All manuscripts may be screened using plagiarism detection software.

Direct plagiarism, self-plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, unattributed paraphrasing, and data plagiarism are all considered unethical.

Manuscripts with substantial plagiarism may be rejected, reported to institutions, or retracted after publication.

Includes data fabrication, falsification, citation/image manipulation, fake authorship, ethical approval fraud, and peer review manipulation.

Allegations will be investigated seriously following COPE-inspired procedures.

Articles may be retracted for major errors, confirmed misconduct, ethical violations, or unreliable findings. Notices remain publicly accessible.

Minor errors corrected through errata, corrigenda, or editorial notices.

Authors may request withdrawal before publication. Late withdrawal may require justification.

Authors generally retain copyright unless otherwise specified.

Articles distributed under open-access licensing, Creative Commons, or journal-specific agreements.

Operating under open-access principles to promote global knowledge dissemination, accessibility, and academic collaboration. Individual journal APC policies apply.

Content preserved through institutional repositories, digital archiving systems, DOI registration, and long-term preservation services.

Editorial decisions are independent of advertisements, sponsorship, and commercial interests. Sponsors have no influence over content or peer review.

Authors may submit appeals regarding editorial decisions, peer review, ethics, or procedures. All complaints handled fairly, transparently, and confidentially.

Guest editors must follow the same ethical standards, maintain editorial independence, ensure rigorous peer review, and avoid conflicts.

Fully AI-generated manuscripts without human contribution, fabricated citations, and synthetic/manipulated findings are not permitted. Authors fully responsible for content.

Violations may result in rejection, retraction, temporary/permanent bans, institutional notification, or removal from editorial roles.

Committed to academic integrity, transparency, fair peer review, ethical scholarship, and responsible innovation in publishing.